SCIENCES ENERGIES ENVIRONNEMENT BLOGGER

 

Dear olivier hartmanshenn, Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for week 01: Tokamak experiments exceed plasma density limit, offering new approach to fusion ignition Experiments on the EAST tokamak have achieved stable plasma operation at densities far above traditional limits by accessing a predicted density-free regime. This was accomplished by optimizing plasma–wall interactions during startup, reducing impurity accumulation and energy losses. The findings offer a new approach to overcoming density constraints in fusion devices, advancing prospects for fusion ignition.   Evidence of upright walking found in 7-million-year-old Sahelanthropus fossils Analysis of Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossils using 3D methods identified features unique to bipedal hominins, including a femoral tubercle, femoral antetorsion, and gluteal muscle attachments. These findings indicate that this seven-million-year-old species was adapted for upright walking, making it the earliest known bipedal hominin.   Astronomers measure both mass and distance of a rogue planet for the first time For the first time, both the mass and distance of a rogue planet have been directly measured using microlensing observations from ground and space-based telescopes. The planet, with a mass about 22% that of Jupiter and located roughly 3,000 parsecs from Earth, demonstrates that violent dynamical processes can eject planetary-mass objects from their systems.   Nanoparticle therapy reprograms tumor immune cells to attack cancer from within A nanoparticle-based therapy enables macrophages within tumors to absorb mRNA and immunostimulants, reprogramming them into CAR-macrophages that recognize and attack cancer cells. This in situ approach overcomes the need for cell extraction and genetic modification, enhances anticancer immune responses, and suppresses tumor growth in animal models, with potential for systemic effects.   Origins of THC, CBD and CBC in cannabis revealed The origins of THC, CBD, and CBC in cannabis trace back to ancestral enzymes capable of producing multiple cannabinoids. Gene duplications during evolution led to specialized enzymes for each compound. Reconstructed ancestral enzymes are more robust and easier to produce in microorganisms, offering potential for efficient biotechnological cannabinoid production and new medicinal applications.   Finding runaway stars to help map dark matter in the Milky Way A large-scale search for hypervelocity RR Lyrae stars identified 87 reliable candidates, some exceeding the Milky Way's escape velocity. Their distribution suggests origins from interactions with the galactic center or Magellanic Clouds. Tracing these stars' trajectories enables mapping of the Milky Way's gravitational potential and the distribution of dark matter in its halo.   Experiment nixes 'sterile' neutrino explanation of previous unexpected measurements MicroBooNE experiment results do not support the existence of a sterile neutrino as an explanation for previous anomalous neutrino measurements. The findings constrain possible interpretations of past data, narrowing the search for new physics. Ongoing and future experiments, such as DUNE, will further investigate neutrino oscillations and fundamental properties using advanced liquid argon detectors.   Two white-blooded fish, two paths: Icefish and noodlefish independently lose red blood cell function Both Antarctic icefish and Asian noodlefish independently evolved to lack hemoglobin and red blood cells, resulting in white blood. Icefish survive in cold, oxygen-rich waters by dissolving oxygen directly in their blood, while noodlefish, living in warmer waters, lost myoglobin and have nonfunctional hemoglobin genes, likely aided by their short, juvenile-like life span. These findings highlight distinct evolutionary paths to similar physiological outcomes.   How a single 2003 heat wave triggered lasting upheaval in the North Atlantic A major marine heat wave in 2003 caused abrupt, long-lasting shifts in the subpolar North Atlantic ecosystem, altering species distributions and trophic interactions from algae to whales. Cold-water species like capelin declined as warmer-water species expanded northward. These changes disrupted food webs and persist today, with Atlantic cod among the few clear beneficiaries.   Searching for light dark matter by tracking its direction with quantum sensors Quantum sensors leveraging quantum mechanical effects can enhance the detection of light dark matter, particularly particles with masses below 1 eV. By using spatially extended quantum sensor arrays, it is possible to measure both the velocity and direction of dark matter, offering improved sensitivity and a more general approach compared to previous methods reliant on specific interactions.   Quantum spins team up to create stable, long-lived microwave signals Collective interactions among quantum spins in diamond can generate self-sustained, long-lived, and coherent microwave signals through superradiant masing, even without external driving. This phenomenon arises from spin–spin interactions that dynamically maintain emission, offering a new approach for stable microwave sources with potential applications in quantum communication, sensing, and precision timing.   Sudden breakups of monogamous quantum couples surprise researchers Experiments showed that increasing electron density in a material unexpectedly caused excitons—electron-hole pairs—to move more freely, contrary to predictions that mobility would decrease. This effect arises because, at high electron concentrations, holes rapidly exchange partners among electrons, breaking the usual "monogamous" pairing and enhancing exciton diffusion. This finding may enable new ways to control particle mobility in quantum devices.   First ancient herpesvirus genomes document their deep history with humans Ancient genomes of human betaherpesvirus 6A and 6B (HHV-6A/B) have been reconstructed from remains over 2,500 years old, confirming these viruses have co-evolved with humans since at least the Iron Age. The findings provide direct genomic evidence of ancient chromosomal integration, reveal that HHV-6A lost this ability early, and trace inherited viral forms across millennia.   Recent discovery reveals Africa's oldest cremation pyre and complex ritual practices Evidence from Mount Hora in northern Malawi documents Africa’s earliest intentional cremation, dating to about 9,500 years ago. The cremation involved a small adult woman on a constructed pyre, requiring significant communal effort and ritual complexity. Analysis indicates defleshing and possible removal of the head before burning, suggesting elaborate mortuary practices among ancient hunter-gatherers.   Chess960's random setups still favor white, new study reveals Analysis of all 960 Chess960 starting positions shows that white retains a significant first-move advantage in 99.6% of cases, indicating that randomizing piece placement does not eliminate this inherent benefit. The standard chess setup is average in complexity and advantage, while some positions offer greater fairness or complexity. The findings suggest reconsidering starting positions for balanced play.   First breathing 'lung-on-chip' developed using genetically identical cells A lung-on-chip model has been created using only genetically identical cells derived from a single donor’s stem cells. This device replicates human alveolar structure, breathing motions, and immune responses, enabling detailed study of early tuberculosis infection and lung barrier breakdown. The approach supports personalized disease modeling and drug testing without animal models.   When stars fail to explode Pa 30 is a supernova remnant distinguished by long, straight filaments rather than chaotic debris. Its progenitor star underwent a partial, failed explosion, leaving a hyper-massive white dwarf that launched a dense, fast wind. The resulting Rayleigh–Taylor instability formed the observed filaments, which remained intact due to high density contrast, exemplifying a rare Type Iax supernova.   Genomic study reveals how people moved pigs across the Pacific Genomic analysis of over 700 pigs, both ancient and modern, demonstrates that humans have repeatedly transported pig species across the Asia-Pacific for at least 50,000 years. These movements, including introductions from both Asia and Europe, led to widespread hybridization and significant ecological impacts, complicating conservation efforts and challenging definitions of nativeness.   Study unveils the dual nature of a young stellar object V1180 Cassiopeiae displays both UXor- and EXor-like variability, with long- and short-term dimming events linked to circumstellar extinction and episodic accretion. Spectral analysis shows accretion and outflow signatures, with accretion rate changes correlated to brightness. These findings indicate a hybrid young stellar object with tightly coupled extinction, accretion, and outflow processes.   How juvenile lobsters fall into a deadly natural trap in the Florida Keys Juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters in the Florida Keys are drawn by social cues to limestone holes inhabited by adult lobsters, but these sites also harbor predatory red groupers. Unable to detect groupers by smell, juveniles enter a natural ecological trap, resulting in 30% higher mortality within a 16-meter radius compared to areas without groupers.   This email is a free service of Science X Network. You received this email because you subscribed to our list. If you do not wish to receive such emails in the future, please unsubscribe here. You are subscribed as ohartmanshenn@yahoo.fr. You may manage your subscription options from your Science X profile.

Story previews are generated using AI and may not fully reflect the original content. For the most complete and accurate information, please read the full article. Read the full disclaimer.