 | Analysis of genetic and dietary data from over 260,000 individuals identified 21 genomic regions linked to bowel movement frequency, including 10 novel loci. Notably, genes involved in vitamin B1 (thiamine) transport and activation were implicated, with higher thiamine intake correlating with increased bowel frequency, influenced by genetic variation in SLC35F3 and XPR1. |
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 | A two-day, calorie-reduced oat-based diet led to a significant 10% reduction in LDL cholesterol in individuals with metabolic syndrome, with effects persisting for six weeks. The intervention also promoted beneficial gut bacteria and increased production of phenolic compounds linked to improved cholesterol metabolism. A high intake over two days was more effective than a moderate intake over six weeks. |
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 | Skeletal remains of a medieval knight from the Order of Calatrava show severe craniosynostosis, identified as Crouzon syndrome. Despite significant cranial deformity and jaw impairment, the individual reached about 50 years of age, exhibited physical markers of knighthood, and died from battle injuries. This represents a rare adult case of Crouzon syndrome in archaeological records. |
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 | Colorado will not release additional wolves this winter after federal officials blocked the planned import of wolves from Canada. With 11 of 25 previously released wolves now dead and uncertainty about the current population, the state is exploring options for future releases. High mortality rates may jeopardize the goal of establishing a self-sustaining gray wolf population. |
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 | Quantum interference of a positronium beam has been observed for the first time, demonstrating that positronium—a neutral, short-lived atom composed of an electron and a positron—exhibits matter-wave diffraction as a single quantum object. This confirms wave-particle duality for positronium and enables new precision measurements and potential applications in material analysis and antimatter gravity studies. |
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 | High-dose inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) demonstrates dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in preclinical models and shows a favorable safety profile in early human studies. These findings support further clinical trials to evaluate iNO as a potential adjunct therapy for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. |
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 | Direct evidence of the Migdal effect has been observed, confirming that a recoiling atomic nucleus can eject an electron, as predicted in 1939. This detection, achieved with a high-precision gas detector, enables the conversion of faint nuclear recoils into measurable signals, enhancing sensitivity to light dark matter candidates and opening new avenues for their detection. |
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 | A Swiss Brown cow named Veronika demonstrated flexible, multi-purpose tool use by selecting and manipulating different parts of a deck brush to scratch various body regions, adjusting her technique based on sensitivity and location. This is the first documented case of such tool use in cattle, expanding the known cognitive abilities of livestock and suggesting that environmental factors may foster innovative behaviors. |
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 | Human heart muscle cells can regenerate after a heart attack, although the extent is insufficient to fully repair damage. This finding, demonstrated using living tissue samples from patients, suggests potential for developing therapies to enhance the heart’s natural regenerative capacity and address heart failure, a major global health burden. |
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 | A significant decrease in oceanic calcium levels over the past 66 million years is closely linked to a major reduction in atmospheric CO2, contributing to Earth's transition from a greenhouse to an ice-capped climate. This decline in calcium altered marine carbon storage and coincided with slower seafloor spreading, highlighting seawater chemistry as a key driver of long-term climate change. |
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 | Analysis of the Boltzmann brain paradox demonstrates that arguments about whether memories reflect reality or are random entropy fluctuations depend on how time and entropy are treated in statistical physics. The work reveals that many standard arguments involve circular reasoning, highlighting the need to distinguish physical laws from inferential assumptions when evaluating the reliability of memory and the arrow of time. |
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 | Excitons can induce Floquet effects in quantum materials much more efficiently than light, due to their stronger coupling with matter. This approach enables significant modification of electronic properties at much lower energy input, overcoming previous limitations of light-driven Floquet engineering. The findings establish a practical pathway for creating novel quantum materials and devices using excitonic drives. |
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 | Large Language Models were evaluated on Dungeons & Dragons scenarios to assess long-term decision-making, rule adherence, and teamwork. Claude 3.5 Haiku outperformed GPT-4 and DeepSeek-V3. The models managed complex tasks, maintained character roles, and interacted with human players, demonstrating potential for benchmarking AI in extended, multi-agent environments. |
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 | Observations of a small tidal turbine in Washington State indicate that marine wildlife, including harbor seals, seabirds, and fish, rarely interact with the device and typically avoid collisions when they do. Most seals and fish exhibited evasion behaviors, and only a few minor fish collisions were recorded. Limitations include underdetection of small fish and restricted nighttime data. |
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 | Wildfires cause the loss of 8.1 billion tons of soil annually, representing 19% of global soil erosion, with Africa most affected. Post-fire soil erosion persists for decades, with 69% of erosion linked to older fires rather than recent ones. Over half of burned areas remain degraded after 20 years. Climate change may increase post-fire erosion by up to 28% by 2070. |
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 | A targeted mRNA therapy using modified lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) successfully delivered GM-CSF mRNA to the mouse endometrium, enhancing embryo implantation and restoring fertility in an endometrial injury model. The approach achieved high local protein expression, minimized systemic exposure, and avoided organ toxicity, suggesting potential for treating infertility linked to endometrial dysfunction. |
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 | Experiments demonstrate that metallic nanoparticles composed of thousands of sodium atoms exhibit quantum interference, confirming that quantum mechanics applies to objects much larger than previously tested. These particles, with masses exceeding 170,000 atomic mass units, were placed in superposition states, achieving a macroscopicity value μ = 15.5. The setup enables highly sensitive force measurements down to 10-26 N. |
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 | Fairness and respect for property are the most influential moral behaviors in shaping perceptions of trustworthiness and character. Judgments based on these domains occur rapidly and persist even under cognitive load, indicating they are automatic and intuitive. Other moral behaviors, such as loyalty or authority, have less impact on first impressions. |
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 | A rapid surge of atmospheric CO2 56 million years ago led to widespread forest fires, vegetation loss, and severe erosion, as evidenced by detailed sediment layers from the Norwegian Sea. These disruptions released additional carbon, amplifying global warming. The rate of CO2 increase then closely matches current human-driven emissions, highlighting the potential for rapid ecosystem change. |
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 | Residential wood burning, though used as a primary heat source in only 2% of U.S. homes, contributes about 22% of wintertime PM2.5 pollution, leading to an estimated 8,600 premature deaths annually. Urban populations and people of color, who burn less wood, experience higher exposure and health impacts due to atmospheric transport and existing health disparities. Reducing wood burning could yield significant healt |
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